Laws of Organic Dynamics: Evolution Principles in Mechanical and Organic Systems

and mechanical systems, in which the evolutionary principle is external to the evolving substance. Rather than speaking of mechanical and organic systems, one should speak of organic evolution and mechanical evolution of a system, since the same system can behave mechanically or organically depending on the evolution being studied. A human being, for example, can behave mechanically in being passively subjected to physical laws that are external to them, but organically with respect to social initiatives they promote. Going more specifically, the mechanical evolution of a system is an evolution guided by laws external to the system itself, and therefore hierarchically superior, to which the system must obey. Not having the evolutionary principle within itself, the system is hierarchically inferior. The system as a whole is constrained by the law of entropy, wear and energy dispersion. The concepts that allow us to analyze the evolution of the system are the concepts of cause and effect linked by the law of causality. The organic evolution of a system is more easily analyzed if we focus on the concepts of model and resources instead of the concepts of cause and effect. In fact, organic evolution follows a law of finality and not causality, whereby different initial conditions can lead to the same result which is the purpose or model of evolution itself. A striking example is the case of a mother who, after nine months of gestation, always gives birth to a child, regardless of the type of nutrition and environmental conditions as long as they are reasonable. The maternal organism adapts to what is necessary to realize, from the maternal substance, the child model down to the smallest details. Such dynamics of a system are characterized by a decrease in the system's entropy. In analogy to the laws of Newtonian mechanics we can therefore define some elementary laws of organic dynamics. First law. Every system remains in a state of rest in the absence of an evolutionary principle. A system inserted in a determined evolutionary path tends to maintain constant its progress, that is, the increase or decrease of its resources. The action of an evolutionary principle is recognized in that the constant progression of the system in the evolutionary path is altered with a consequent variation in the system's progress. From this reflection we deduce the second assertion: Second law. An evolutionary principle is proportional to the variation in the system's progress, i.e. $\Pi \propto \Delta r$. If in the case of classical mechanics the proportionality constant was represented by the inertial mass of the system, in this case we must define as proportionality constant the permeability $p$ that the evolutionary principle has on the elements of the system itself and which we could indicate as a propensity to motion or action. Reformulating in another way, we can call impulse the product $(p \cdot r)$ between permeability of a system to a determined evolutionary principle and its progress $r$ and measure the evolutionary principle through the variation of this impulse within an evolutionary cycle, i.e. $\Pi = \frac{d}{dt}(p \cdot r)$. The importance of an evolutionary principle is therefore measured by the variation of permeability to said principle by the elements of the system itself as well as by the variation in the system's progress. Finally, in analogy to the third law of Newtonian dynamics, we must here formulate a law of which we are not sure we can affirm universality, but which we have effectively verified again and again: Third law. An evolutionary principle acts equally but oppositely on different elements of the system. An evolutionary principle acts by polarizing differently elements of a system, so that the passage from one evolutionary state to another of the system implies a bifurcation that is generally associated with a purification, division and consequent transformation of the system itself. Think, for example, of how an idea acts in a society. As this idea penetrates the population, the elements of this population align themselves, some favorably and others in antagonism, with respect to it. Social polarization then reaches a paroxysm that finds its outlet, produces a bifurcation in which part of the system evolves and passes to the next phase, while the other finds increasingly difficult ecological conditions and ends up succumbing or being expelled. Indeed, if we study the History of peoples we can notice how revolutions or civil wars have always been the prelude to great social changes, or new evolutionary stages of the social organism. Similar phenomena occur in all social, religious organizations and we can hypothesize they are a typical element of